SYNOPSIS
1.1 Research Title: A study of the impact of social networking websites on the economies of journalism
1.1 Introduction to the research
The field of Nanotechnology is growing rapidly and some observations on trends in terms of the materials and applications under development are summarized here. Nano technology is intended to provide a ‘snapshot’ of the current status of development in the field. The information has been derived from a number of published sources, in combination with an evaluation and analysis of indicators such as patent activity and commercial product availability.
Nanotechnology used to found the foundation for revolutionary discoveries and advancements in the science technology. It will sound influence the competitiveness of companies in any industrial field.
Nanotechnology, which deals with understanding and control of matter at dimension of roughly 100 nm and below, has a crosssectoral application and an interdisciplinary orientation. At this scale, the biological, chemical, and physical properties of materials differ from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter, which enable novel applications.
According to Industry experts at the workshop, within 10 years nanotechnology can be used in all the new products, it used to computer technology for cancer and other disease treatments; renewable energy sources; lightweight multifunctional components in airplanes and cars; agents for environmental remediation; water filters that removes contaminants, salt, and viruses for entire cities. That’s the reason of nanotechnology is viewed as key to future economical growth and advanced countries technically used nanotechnology for its development across the world.
Nanotechnology research and development is directed towards understanding and creating improved devices, materials, and systems that exploit these properties as they are discovered and characterized. There are many applications of nanotechnology such as in the area of agriculture, medicine, information and communication, chemistry and environment, energy, heavy industry and consumer goods. The alleged potential of this technology has garnered the attention of both developed and developing countries across the globe.
1.2 Aims and objectives of the study
Primary Objective:
v To understand the role of social networking websites in replacing journals.
v To identify the difference between social networking websites and journals.
v To analyze the impacts of social networking websites on the economy of journalism.
v To evaluate the differences in economies of journalism before and after the advent of social networking websites.
Secondary Objective:
v To create awareness about social networking websites and journalism in India.
v To compare and contrast the emphasis social networking websites over journalism in India.
v To identify the interest of Indian people towards both social networking websites and journalism.
1.3 Review of literature
The emergence of nanotechnology in India has witnessed the engagement of a diverse set of players, each with their own agenda and role. Nanotechnology in India is a government led initiative. Industry participation has very recently originated. Nanotechnology barring a few exceptions is largely being ensued at universities as well as research institutes.
Given the enabling nature of nanotechnology and ability to develop along with existing technologies, it has the potential to be utilized as a tool to address key development related challenges in diverse sectors like agriculture, water, energy, environment and health. Enabling conversion and production and energy storage, within renewable energy projects also cited as the area of nanotechnology applications in developed countries.
Nanotechnology might be sought at specific points to improve quality and quantity of wastewater and water treatment process. Enhancement of agricultural productivity has been identified as a critical area of nanotechnology. The development of worldwide hailing nanotechnology as a technology with the potential of satisfy the needs of developing country, as well the developing country India has to promote nanotechnology applications in various sectors like agriculture and energy storage and also have the influence, and impact in the course of future development in the country. Sectors such as energy and environment, health have received greater attention by various technology departments in the government.
Department of Science and Technology (DST), the chief agency engaged in the development of nanotechnology, initiated India’s principal programme, the Nanoscience and Technology Mission (NSTM) in 2007, with an allocation of Rupees 1000 crores for a period of five years. The five-year programme followed the flagship initiative, the Nanoscience and Technology Initiative (NSTI) that was in operation from 2001–06. Close to 200 projects have been undertaken in the NSTI and NSTM since 2002. The DST has also set up ‘Centers of Excellence (CoE) for Nanoscience and Technology’ established under the NSTI to undertake R&D to develop specific applications in a fixed period of time. Aside DST, several other agencies with diverse mandates is also actively engaged in supporting nanotechnology in the national arena. Department of Biotechnology is supporting research in nanotechnology and the life sciences. Industrial R&D for socio-economic benefit has also commissioned R&D in nanotechnology in diverse areas. Science and Engineering Research Council too have aided projects on nanotechnology. Support for these projects has been through its general R&D schemes for basic science and engineering science.
1.4 Research methodology
Two forms of research are undertaken in order for the purpose of satisfying the objectives of the study:
· Primary Research: Data collected through first-hand sources
· Secondary Research: Second-hand data collected through different sources
Primary research- Quantitative Research
Quantitative research method will be followed in order to create a detailed analysis of consumers’ perception regarding emails and direct mails as marketing medium in India. Quantitative research offers several advantages to the study: Brower et al (2000, pg. 366) assert that “quantitative researchers pursue- and insist that they generate- value-free, unbiased data”. Similarly, McLaughlin et al (2002) highlight the following uses of quantitative approach:
- Research and establish explicit hypotheses
- Uses accurate measures of concepts
- Uses tests of statistical significance
- Uses controls for other explanatory variables
- Provides a clear theoretical context
Secondary Research
Secondary data is the information what was collected in the past for some other purpose. Usually, researchers start their investigation by studying a rich variety of already accessible data, to see if they can make a breakthrough in the study partly or wholly, without the use of expensive, time-consuming first-hand research. The following forms of secondary data will be used to research purpose:
- Books
- Journals and articles
- Newspapers
- Magazines
- Online web portals
- Annual Reports
- Government Agencies
- Independent Agencies
- Government official reports
Research Design
This study will be descriptive in nature.
Sampling design
Target population:
The target population in this research refers to the top journals that have been prevailing for more than two decades in India. The respondents are founders and of the journals.
Sample size
This study takes into consideration ten different founders cum editors of top rated journals of India.
Sampling unit
The sampling units are the following journals and their editors.
- Business India
- Business Today
- Competition Success Review
- Femina
- Frontline
- Health
- India Today (English)
- Outlook
- Women’s Era
- Yojna (English)
Sampling method
For this research we use convenience sampling.
Size of Sample Survey
A sample size of 10 respondents (one for one journal) will be considered for this study.
Sampling plan:
The data will be collected by mailing them the questionnaires to their workplace.
Questionnaire Design:
The questionnaire will consist of both open-ended and close-ended questions.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
The data collected from primary research will be analyzed and interpreted using statistical tools. It is suitable to the study over other tools, because:
- It provides both subjective as well as objective results, of which subjective can be converted into numbers/scores
- It can be used to identify and understand the hidden attributes or constructs which would otherwise (in case of direct analysis) have been unapparent
- It is inexpensive and easier to implement than other tools.
1.5 Limitations of the study
Ø This concentrates on the impact created only by social networking websites on journalism and not any other mass media.
Ø This study focuses exclusively on economies of journals published in India.
Ø This study analyzes only the economic impact created by social networking websites on journals and does not involve any other impact.
Ø This study is applicable for journals that have been successfully sustaining in the society for more than two decades.
1.6 References
1. Atkin, D, Audio information services and the electronic media environment. The
Information Society, 1995.
2. Bovee, C.L., Thill, J.V., Wood, M.B. Advertising excellence. NY: McGraw Hill, 1995
3. Journalism Review Emerging alternatives, A Brief History of Weblogs, 2003
4. Crispell, D, Computers at home. American Demographics, 1994
5. Ball-Rokeach, DeFleur, M.H, Theories of mass communication. McKay, 1975
6. Garrison, B. Computer-assisted reporting. Hillsdale, 1995.
7. Atkin, D, LaRose, R.,Audiotext and the re-invention of the telephone as a mass
medium. Journalism Quarterly, 1992
8. Meyer, P. Precision journalism. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1973
9. Robertson, T. S. Innovative behavior and communication. Rinehart, Holt and
Winston, 1971.
10. Moghdam, DComputers in newspaper publishing. User oriented systems. Marcel Dekker, 1978
11. Vaughan, P. W. & Rogers, E. M.. A staged model of communication effects: evidence from an entertainment-education radio soap opera in Tanzania. Journal of health communication. 2000
12. Dominick, J.R., Wimmer, R.DMass media research. An introduction Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2000
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